Themed adventures: history, food, and nature

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature

Victoria guided tours

Sipping on a locally brewed beer or a glass of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's finest wine, you'll find yourself fully enveloped in the warmth and welcoming nature of this extraordinary city. As you move on, the Inner Harbour offers a picturesque waterfront view that's perfect for those Instagram moments. It's here you'll sip coffee where the locals do, away from the crowded spots. Lean more about Victoria Sightseeing Tours here. But that's not all.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Victoria brewery tours

  1. Victoria snowboard tours
  2. Victoria sightseeing with kids
  3. Victoria island tours
  4. Victoria rainforest tours
  5. Victoria travel tips
  6. Victoria Christmas market tours
  7. Victoria scenic drives
  8. Victoria pet-friendly sightseeing
  9. Victoria tourist attractions
  10. Victoria waterfront tours
  11. Craigdarroch Castle tours
  12. Victoria fishing tours
  13. North Victoria sightseeing tours
  14. Victoria underground tours
  15. Victoria cruise tours
Learn more about Themed adventures: history, food, and nature here
They're a vibrant part of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's food culture, offering a chance to taste a wide array of dishes in a lively, communal setting.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Victoria extreme sports tours

  • Victoria night tours
  • Victoria sunset tours
  • Victoria holiday lights tours
  • Victoria food tours
  • Victoria 4x4 adventure tours
  • Victoria adventure tours
  • Victoria fall sightseeing
  • Off-the-beaten-path Victoria tours
  • Victoria cultural tours
  • Victoria boat tours
  • Victoria kayaking tours
  • Victoria sightseeing recommendations
  • Victoria photography tours
  • Victoria cultural experience tours
  • Victoria eco tours
  • Victoria summer sightseeing
  • Victoria sightseeing bus
  • Best sightseeing in Victoria
If you're unsure about where to go next or how to get there, they're just a question away. You'll wander through rolling hills dotted with vineyards, sampling some of the region's finest wines. Sightseeing Victoria
First, visit the Star Sightseeing website. Read more about Themed adventures: history, food, and nature here Wrapping up your visit as the sun dips below the horizon offers a stunning spectacle, with the city lights beginning to twinkle. Away from the bustling tourist trails, you'll find enchanting locales that locals cherish. Victoria paranormal tours
They've got you covered, from toddlers to grandparents, with itineraries that balance fun and relaxation. These testimonials aren't just reviews; they're vivid stories of adventure, relaxation, and discovery. Their team listens closely to your ideas and dreams, transforming them into a bespoke itinerary that hits all your must-see spots and more. Victoria sightseeing on a budget

You'll have the chance to watch the famous Penguin Parade, where little penguins waddle ashore at sunset, a truly magical spectacle that attracts visitors from around the globe. Star Sightseeing ensures each night tour is a unique adventure, tailored to your interests, whether that's exploring historic sites, enjoying the local gastronomy, or simply marveling at the city's illuminated beauty. Whether you're marveling at the playful antics of penguins at Phillip Island or listening to the haunting call of the lyrebird, Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's unique wildlife encounters promise to be a highlight of your journey. Imagine being whisked away in a luxury vehicle, not just to the famous landmarks, but to the secret nooks that only locals know about.

The new sightseeing tour by Star Sightseeing not only takes you through the iconic landmarks that have defined the city's skyline but also whispers the tales of hidden gems quietly tucked away, waiting for the curious traveler to uncover them. If you decide mid-tour that you'd like to spend more time at a particular spot or skip another, they're happy to accommodate. Do you want to pack in as much as possible, or would you prefer a leisurely pace, soaking in each site?

In spring, you're greeted with bursts of colorful blooms at the Butchart Gardens, a perfect time for leisurely walks and photography tours. Hiking enthusiasts will be in their element, with trails that cater to all levels of fitness. And let's not forget the historic Chinatown, the oldest in Canada.

Imagine cruising down scenic roads, pulling up close to the majestic Parliament Buildings, where the architecture tells stories of a rich political history. Lastly, the 'Culinary Delights Tour' offers a taste of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature you can't find anywhere else. First off, you've got the Classic City Tour, perfect for first-time visitors.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Victoria scuba diving tours

  1. Victoria eco tours
  2. Victoria summer sightseeing
  3. Victoria sightseeing bus
  4. Best sightseeing in Victoria
  5. Victoria multi-day tours
  6. Victoria hiking tours
  7. Things to do in Victoria
  8. Old Town Victoria tours
  9. Victoria sightseeing tickets
  10. Victoria hop-on hop-off tours
  11. Victoria day trips
  12. Victoria fall foliage tours
  13. Victoria sightseeing itineraries
  14. Victoria history tours
  15. Victoria festival experience tours


Victoria Sightseeing Experiences

Named for Queen Victoria, the city is one of the oldest in the Pacific Northwest, with British settlement beginning in 1843. The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings, in particular its two most famous landmarks, the Parliament Buildings (finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia) and the Empress Hotel (opened in 1908). The city's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America, after San Francisco. The region's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before European settlement, which had large populations at the time of European exploration.

Citations and other links

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature Sightseeing Excursions

Each vehicle is equipped with premium amenities, from plush seating to climate control, making every moment of your journey as enjoyable as the destinations themselves. This means you're always equipped with the most current information, making your exploration of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature hassle-free.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Sightseeing Victoria

  1. Victoria suburbs sightseeing
  2. Victoria festival tours
  3. Victoria whale watching
  4. Victoria helicopter tours
  5. Victoria ferry tours
  6. Victoria zipline tours
  7. Butchart Gardens sightseeing tours
  8. Victoria VIP tours
  9. Victoria art tours
  10. Victoria snorkeling tours
  11. Victoria ski resort tours
  12. Victoria snowboard tours
  13. Victoria sightseeing with kids
  14. Victoria island tours
  15. Victoria rainforest tours
  16. Victoria travel tips
  17. Victoria Christmas market tours
  18. Victoria scenic drives
From the bustling Inner Harbour to the serene Beacon Hill Park, you'll leave with stories and memories, not just photos. Another highlight includes an exclusive visit to a secluded island wildlife sanctuary, where you can interact closely with native Australian animals in a protected and ethical environment. You'll learn about the Shipwreck Coast's lore, with tales of survival and tragic loss that have shaped the region.

You'll venture into neighborhoods where the real essence of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature whispers through quaint alleyways and vibrant markets.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Victoria guided tours

  • Victoria festival experience tours
  • Victoria wildlife tours
  • Victoria nature tours
  • Victoria winter sightseeing
  • Victoria heritage tours
  • Victoria road trips
  • Victoria wine tours
  • Victoria Chinatown tours
  • Victoria seaplane tours
  • Best places to visit in Victoria
  • Family-friendly tours in Victoria
  • Victoria botanical garden tours
  • Custom sightseeing tours Victoria
  • Victoria bike tours
  • Victoria sightseeing deals
  • Inner Harbour sightseeing tours
  • Unique Victoria tours
It's all part of their commitment to providing a seamless travel experience that leaves you with nothing but fond memories of your time in Themed adventures: history, food, and nature. Venture further, and the hidden gems reveal themselves as serene gardens, urban oases that promise a peaceful escape from the city's hustle and bustle. From the historic elegance of the Royal BC Museum to the modernist lines of the Vancouver Island Technology Park, there's a blend of old and new that captures the essence of this vibrant city. Victoria architecture tours

The tour doesn't just tell you about history; it immerses you in it, allowing you to experience the cultural evolution of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature through the eyes of those who've lived it. Here, you can savor unique wine tasting experiences not offered to the general populace.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - North Victoria sightseeing tours

  1. Victoria pet-friendly sightseeing
  2. Victoria tourist attractions
  3. Victoria waterfront tours
  4. Craigdarroch Castle tours
  5. Victoria fishing tours
  6. Victoria senior-friendly sightseeing
  7. Victoria luxury tours
  8. Victoria sightseeing on a budget
  9. Victoria local tour guides
  10. North Victoria sightseeing tours
  11. Victoria underground tours
  12. Victoria cruise tours
  13. Victoria night tours
  14. Victoria sunset tours
  15. Victoria holiday lights tours
  16. Victoria food tours
The tour also introduces you to bespoke adventures tailored to your interests, whether it's an exclusive wildlife safari or a private culinary tour with renowned local chefs. Come fall, Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's foliage transforms into a vibrant tapestry of reds, oranges, and yellows, creating a picturesque backdrop for hiking or cycling through its many trails.

This will help you know what to expect and allow you to plan any additional items you might need, like binoculars for bird watching or sunscreen for sunny days. These aren't just guides; they're custodians of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's history and folklore.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Victoria sightseeing on a budget

  • Victoria sightseeing bus
  • Best sightseeing in Victoria
  • Victoria multi-day tours
  • Victoria hiking tours
  • Things to do in Victoria
  • Old Town Victoria tours
  • Victoria sightseeing tickets
  • Victoria hop-on hop-off tours
  • Victoria day trips
  • Victoria fall foliage tours
  • Victoria sightseeing itineraries
  • Victoria history tours
  • Victoria festival experience tours
  • Victoria wildlife tours
  • Victoria nature tours
  • Victoria winter sightseeing
You'll receive immediate confirmation, along with a detailed itinerary and all the information you need to prepare for your trip. Crafting your unique itinerary begins with identifying the sights and experiences that resonate most with you in Themed adventures: history, food, and nature.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature Sightseeing Excursions
Eco-friendly guided tours Themed adventures: history, food, and nature

Eco-friendly guided tours Themed adventures: history, food, and nature

You start by sharing your must-see destinations and activities - think of it as creating a wish list for your perfect day or days in Themed adventures: history, food, and nature. Let's turn your visit into an exclusive, one-of-a-kind adventure. Beyond the well-trodden paths, you'll find neighborhoods brimming with local art, cafes that feel like secrets shared between friends, and parks where the city's pulse slows to the rhythm of nature. Victoria walking tours You'll have the opportunity to select from a variety of attractions and activities, and we're here to offer recommendations based on your preferences. What's more, you'll have the chance to learn from knowledgeable guides who share insights into the habits and habitats of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's wildlife, making your experience educational as well as enjoyable.

Come fall, you'll be guided through a palette of reds, oranges, and yellows as you explore Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's stunning parks and woodlands. Participating in a cooking class with a renowned local chef, you'll dive into the flavors that define Themed adventures: history, food, and nature, understanding the source of each ingredient and its cultural significance. What's more, Star Sightseeing's friendly staff are always ready to assist. The tours don't just show you the sights; they plunge you into the heart of each festival, connecting you with the stories and people behind these celebrated events.

It's a thrilling way to bond and immerse yourself in the wild heart of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature. Through these intimate encounters, you gain insight into the traditions and practices that make Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's culture unique. You'll dive into a world where every stroke of the brush and chisel mark tells a story of centuries past and present, guided by experts passionate about bringing art to life. You'll meet the passionate food artisans, from bakers to chocolatiers, who are eager to share their stories and their creations.

You're not just a tourist; you're an explorer discovering the vibrant colors of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's landscapes awakening after winter. Don't forget your camera, as the panoramic vistas at Boroka Lookout and the Balconies will leave you speechless. If you're pressed for time, this condensed yet insightful option is your go-to. From secret gardens to artisanal shops, you'll encounter the city's unique charm and character, making your tour an unforgettable adventure.

Victoria senior-friendly sightseeing

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature helicopter tours

In essence, Star Sightseeing doesn't just offer tours; they promise unforgettable experiences where luxury is measured not just in material wealth, but in unique memories and personalized adventures.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Romantic tours in Victoria

  1. Victoria wildlife tours
  2. Victoria nature tours
  3. Victoria winter sightseeing
  4. Victoria heritage tours
  5. Victoria road trips
  6. Victoria wine tours
  7. Victoria Chinatown tours
  8. Victoria seaplane tours
  9. Best places to visit in Victoria
  10. Family-friendly tours in Victoria
  11. Victoria botanical garden tours
  12. Custom sightseeing tours Victoria
  13. Victoria bike tours
  14. Victoria sightseeing deals
  15. Inner Harbour sightseeing tours
  16. Unique Victoria tours
  17. Victoria suburbs sightseeing
  18. Victoria festival tours
You'll wander through historic districts, each telling tales of yesteryears' ambitions and hardships. You'll wander through enchanting gardens, hand in hand, under a canopy of stars, and dine at intimate restaurants with breathtaking views that seem painted just for you. Have you ever wondered if a sightseeing tour could truly capture the essence of luxury while also being sustainable and culturally immersive? From the serene waters of local lakes reflecting the sky's ever-changing colors to the lush greenery that envelops quiet, hidden valleys, each view offers a unique perspective on Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's natural beauty.

It's not just about the sights; it's about immersing yourself in the vibrant ecosystem of one of Australia's most cherished islands. Don't forget to dress warmly, as evenings can get chilly. They'll share stories you won't find in guidebooks, from the ancient origins of the city to the hidden gems that only locals know about. Whether you're a history buff keen on exploring historic sites, a nature lover eager to witness breathtaking landscapes, or someone who wants to dive deep into the local culture, they've got you covered.

Here, you'll input your preferred dates, the number of participants, and any special requests to kickstart your personalized tour planning. With exclusive access to sights and personalization at the heart of their service, they ensure that your adventure is uniquely yours. It's an experience that embodies relaxation amidst nature's beauty. Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's charm unveils itself through its vibrant history and stunning landscapes, beckoning you to explore its hidden gems.

You'll explore the legacy of the miners who flocked here from around the world, dreaming of striking it rich. Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's culinary scene offers an unforgettable adventure for your taste buds, showcasing the best of local and international flavors. From the First Nations galleries to the natural history exhibits, you're in for an immersive experience that paints a vivid picture of the region's rich heritage. Here, in the early morning mist, you might catch a glimpse of a platypus in the wild, a rare treat for any nature lover.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature helicopter tours
Themed adventures: history, food, and nature BC sightseeing bus tours
Themed adventures: history, food, and nature BC sightseeing bus tours

They can provide personal recommendations and insider tips, ensuring your sightseeing tour is as enriching as it's effortless. As the leaves change color, the Fall Fairfield festival in autumn offers a chance to experience local arts, crafts, and culinary delights. As the night unfolds, the spectacle of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's illuminated skyline and seasonal highlights will leave you in awe. Need to change your plans? Plus, with smaller group sizes, you're guaranteed a more personalized and intimate experience, allowing you to truly immerse yourself in the beauty and charm of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature.

Far from the main tourist hubs, these markets offer a glimpse into the true essence of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature, where you can find everything from handmade crafts to local delicacies. But that's not all. Victoria brewery tours You'll taste local delicacies at night markets, feel the energy of the city's nightlife, and hear stories that echo through the cobblestone streets under the moonlight. From the moment you're picked up, you'll notice the difference.

It's an experience where every sense is awakened. Shift your adventure gears as we take you through the rolling hills and lush landscapes of the Yarra Valley, renowned for its world-class wineries. With Star Sightseeing's customized tours, you're sure to capture the essence of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's seasonal wonders, making each visit an unforgettable journey through the heart of this beautiful city.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Victoria spring sightseeing

  • Victoria underground tours
  • Victoria cruise tours
  • Victoria night tours
  • Victoria sunset tours
  • Victoria holiday lights tours
  • Victoria food tours
  • Victoria 4x4 adventure tours
  • Victoria adventure tours
  • Victoria fall sightseeing
  • Off-the-beaten-path Victoria tours
  • Victoria cultural tours
  • Victoria boat tours
  • Victoria kayaking tours
  • Victoria sightseeing recommendations
  • Victoria photography tours
  • Victoria cultural experience tours
  • Victoria eco tours
  • Victoria summer sightseeing
Star Sightseeing has designed their materials with you in mind, ensuring every direction is clear and easy to follow.

Along the way, expert guides will share their knowledge of the local marine life and ecosystems, making for an educational and exhilarating experience. Star Sightseeing also knows the best family-friendly eateries, where everyone can refuel with delicious, kid-approved meals. Whether you're a history buff keen on exploring Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's rich past or an adventure seeker looking for the thrill of outdoor activities, we've got you covered. Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's gourmet scene is a haven for foodies, offering everything from farm-to-table experiences to high-end dining adventures.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature BC walking guide

You'll enjoy small group sizes, ensuring a more intimate exploration of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's treasures. The Magic of Christmas at Butchart Gardens dazzles with thousands of twinkling lights and festive decorations, turning the garden into a winter wonderland. You'll find packages that cater to every interest and desire, ensuring your visit is nothing short of unforgettable. You'll find yourself whisked away to exclusive vineyards, where the art of winemaking is both a tradition and a passion.
You can expect personalized attention from your tour guide, who acts more like a personal concierge, ready to adjust the day's plan on the fly based on your mood or interests. You're an explorer, delving into the heart of Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's charm. Whether you're a history buff eager to delve into Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's past or a nature lover looking to explore the lush landscapes, Star Sightseeing's got you covered.

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Victoria harbor tours

  1. Victoria heritage tours
  2. Victoria road trips
  3. Victoria wine tours
  4. Victoria Chinatown tours
  5. Victoria seaplane tours
  6. Best places to visit in Victoria
  7. Family-friendly tours in Victoria
  8. Victoria botanical garden tours
  9. Custom sightseeing tours Victoria
  10. Victoria bike tours
  11. Victoria sightseeing deals
  12. Inner Harbour sightseeing tours
  13. Unique Victoria tours
  14. Victoria suburbs sightseeing
  15. Victoria festival tours
  16. Victoria whale watching
  17. Victoria helicopter tours
  18. Victoria ferry tours
  19. Victoria zipline tours
  20. Butchart Gardens sightseeing tours

You'll feel the rush as you step onto the Edge, a glass cube that slides out from the building, suspending you almost 300 meters above the ground. Victoria guided tours Your chauffeur knows just the right spot for you to start your exploration, ensuring you don't miss the awe-inspiring totem poles that stand as sentinels of culture and heritage. Romantic tours in Victoria After exploring Themed adventures: history, food, and nature's iconic landmarks, it's time to immerse yourself in the vibrant local culture that truly defines the city's spirit.
Explore scenic routes, lush gardens, and hidden gems that only locals know about. And it's not all about the past. You'll visit iconic institutions renowned for their collections of indigenous and contemporary art, ensuring you don't just see art, but you feel its impact.

Explore Themed adventures: history, food, and nature here

Themed adventures: history, food, and nature - Victoria extreme sports tours

  • Victoria sightseeing tickets
  • Victoria hop-on hop-off tours
  • Victoria day trips
  • Victoria fall foliage tours
  • Victoria sightseeing itineraries
  • Victoria history tours
  • Victoria festival experience tours
  • Victoria wildlife tours
  • Victoria nature tours
  • Victoria winter sightseeing
  • Victoria heritage tours
  • Victoria road trips
  • Victoria wine tours
  • Victoria Chinatown tours
  • Victoria seaplane tours
  • Best places to visit in Victoria
  • Family-friendly tours in Victoria
  • Victoria botanical garden tours
  • Custom sightseeing tours Victoria
Themed adventures: history, food, and nature BC walking guide

 

Early tour bus in Salt Lake City, 1909
A colourful tour bus at Kuranda, Queensland, Australia
Tourists taking photos from a ParisCityVision open-topped tour bus in Paris.
Salvador Bahia Bus in Santo Antonio da Barra Lighthouse, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
The Needles "Breezer", Isle of Wight, England

A tour bus service is an escorted tour (sometimes a package holiday) or bus service that takes visitors sightseeing, with routes around tourist attractions.

Information

[edit]

Double-decker buses and open top buses are commonly used, for providing a good view. Large coaches are used internationally by tour operators, intercity bus lines and charters, for short and long distance destinations. These buses are larger than regular transit buses, with 2 to 4 axles (6 to 10 wheels).

The history of tour buses in North America began in the early 20th century, when trucks were converted to provide a means for sightseeing within large American cities.[1] Gray Line, the largest sightseeing operators, began operations in 1910.[2] Sightseeing was likely a side business for many intercity bus operators because the same types of buses were used (this remains true even today). World War II saw the industry decline, but it slowly re-emerged as an alternative to driving.[1]

Many musicians, entertainers, dancing crews and bands travel in sleeper buses, commonly referred to as "tour buses". While most if not all of the buses and coaches listed above are for commercial applications, there are many coaches manufactured for personal use as motorhomes. These bus based motorhomes are considered the top end of the RV market.

Common features

[edit]
  • Padded fabric or leather front-facing seats, often reclining.
  • Foot and arm rests.
  • TV monitors connected to DVD player or VCR to provide entertainment or possibly analog TV or DTV for local news or programs (possibly in seats with viewer choosing what station).
  • Basic lavatory – riders may be discouraged from using it except in an emergency,[3][failed verification] but some newer buses feature full service lavatories[4]
  • Cool water dispenser, refrigerator, hot water urn.
  • Wheelchair lift or ramp and "kneeling suspension" for easier access (especially for the elderly and infirm).
  • Tinted windows (and/or curtains or blinds).
  • Luggage compartment (or bins) below in the underbelly of the bus, with overhead hand-luggage racks.

Tour coach manufacturers

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Driven John Mack Kept on Truckin', Helping Build Modern America". Investors.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
  2. ^ Risko, Karin (2018). A History Lover's Guide to Detroit. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4671-3567-2.
  3. ^ "Bus Toilets / Toilets of the World". toilet-guru.com. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
  4. ^ "New Prevost features to be showc". Prevost-stuff.com. December 22, 2006. Retrieved March 28, 2011.

 

 

Tours is located in Centre-Val de Loire
Tours
Tours
 
Tours
Medieval buildings on Place Plumereau
Pont Wilson over the Loire
Prébendes d'Oé garden
Flag of Tours
Coat of arms of Tours
Location of Tours
Map
Tours is located in France
Tours
Tours
 

Coordinates: 47°23′37″N 0°41′21″E / 47.393611°N 0.689167°E / 47.393611; 0.689167CountryFranceRegionCentre-Val de LoireDepartmentIndre-et-LoireArrondissementToursCantonTours-1
Tours-2
Tours-3
Tours-4
IntercommunalityTours Métropole Val de LoireGovernment

 

 • Mayor (2020–2026) Emmanuel Denis[1] (The Greens)

Area
1

34.7 km2 (13.4 sq mi) • Urban

 (2018)

684.9 km2 (264.4 sq mi) • Metro

 (2018)

3,631.6 km2 (1,402.2 sq mi)Population

 (2022)[2]

138,668 • Rank26th in France • Density4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi) • Urban

 (2018)

359,992 • Urban density530/km2 (1,400/sq mi) • Metro

 (2018)

516,973 • Metro density140/km2 (370/sq mi)Demonym(s)Tourangeau (masculine)
Tourangelle (feminine)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)INSEE/Postal code

37261 /37000, 37100, 37200

Elevation44–119 m (144–390 ft)1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Tours (/tʊər/ TOOR; French: [tuʁ] ⓘ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the prefecture of the department of Indre-et-Loire. The commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabitants as of 2018 while the population of the whole metropolitan area was 516,973.[3]

Tours sits on the lower reaches of the Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Formerly named Caesarodunum by its founder, Roman Emperor Augustus, it possesses one of the largest amphitheaters of the Roman Empire, the Tours Amphitheatre. Known for the Battle of Tours in 732 AD, it is a National Sanctuary with connections to the Merovingians and the Carolingians, with the Capetians making the kingdom's currency the Livre tournois. Saint Martin and Gregory of Tours were from Tours. Tours was once part of Touraine, a former province of France. Tours was the first city of the silk industry. It was taken by Louis XI, as the royal capital under the Valois Kings with its Loire castles and city of art with the School of Tours. The prefecture was partially destroyed during the French Wars of Religion in the late 16th century and again during the Second World War in June 1940.

The White and Blue city keeps a historical center registered in the UNESCO, and is home to the Vieux-Tours, a patrimonial site. The garden city has a green heritage and an urban landscape strongly influenced by its natural space. The historic city that is nicknamed "Le Petit Paris" and its region by its history and culture has always been a land of birth or host to many personalities, international sporting events, and is a university city with more than 30,000 students in 2019. Tours is a popular culinary city with specialties such as: rillettes, rillons, Touraine vineyards, AOC Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine cheeses and nougats. The city is also the end-point of the annual Paris–Tours cycle race.

Etymology

[edit]

A popular folk etymology of the word "Tours" is that it comes from Turonus, the nephew of Brutus. Turonus died in a war between Corineus and the king of Aquitaine, Goffarius Pictus, provoked by Corineus hunting in the king's forests without permission. It is said that Turonus was buried in Tours and the city is founded around his grave.[4]

History

[edit]

In Gallic times, Tours was an important crossing point over the Loire. It became part of the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD, and the city was named Caesarodunum ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original Gallic name, Turones, became Civitas Turonum and then Tours. It was at this time that the Tours Amphitheatre was built.

Tours became a metropolis in the Roman province of Lugdunum towards 380–388 AD, dominating Maine, Brittany, and the Loire Valley. One important figure in the city was Saint Martin of Tours, a bishop who shared his coat with a naked beggar in Amiens. The importance of Martin in the medieval Christian West made Tours, and its position on the route of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, a major centre during the Middle Ages.

Middle Ages

[edit]

In the 6th century, Gregory of Tours, author of the Ten Books of History, restored a cathedral destroyed by a fire in 561. Saint Martin's monastery benefited from its inception, at the very start of the 6th century from patronage and support from the Frankish king, Clovis I, which increased considerably the influence of the saint, the abbey and the city in Gaul. In the 9th century, Tours was at the heart of the Carolingian Renaissance, in particular because of Alcuin, of York in Northumbria, a renowned book collector and an abbot of Marmoutier Abbey.

In 732, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi and an army of Muslim horsemen from Al-Andalus advanced 500 kilometres (300 miles) deep into France, and were stopped at Moussais-la-Bataille[5] (between Châtellerault and Poitiers) by Charles Martel and his infantry. This ignited the Battle of Tours. The Muslim army was defeated, preventing an Islamic conquest of France.

In 845, Tours repelled the first attack of the Viking chief Haesten. In 850, the Vikings settled at the mouths of the Seine and the Loire. Still led by Haesten, they went up the Loire again in 852 and sacked Angers, Tours and Marmoutier Abbey.

During the Middle Ages, Tours consisted of two juxtaposed and competing centres. The "City" in the east, successor of the late Roman 'castrum', was composed of the cathedral and palace of the archbishops as well as the castle of Tours. The castle of Tours acted as a seat of the authority of the Counts of Tours (later Counts of Anjou) and the King of France. In the west, the "new city" structured around the Abbey of Saint Martin was freed from the control of the city during the 10th century (an enclosure was built towards 918) and became "Châteauneuf". This space, organized between Saint Martin and the Loire, became the economic centre of Tours. Between these two centres were Varennes, vineyards and fields, little occupied except for the Abbaye Saint-Julien established on the banks of the Loire. The two centres were linked during the 14th century.

Place Plumereau, Medieval buildings

Tours became the capital of the county of Tours or Touraine, a territory bitterly disputed between the counts of Blois and Anjou – the latter were victorious in the 11th century. It was the capital of France at the time of Louis XI, who had settled in the castle of Montils (today the castle of Plessis-les-Tours, at the junction of the Loire and the Indre rivers). Tours and Touraine remained a permanent residence of the kings and court until the 16th century. The Renaissance gave Tours and Touraine many private mansions and castles, joined to some extent under the generic name of the Châteaux of the Loire. It is also at the time of Louis XI that the silk industry was introduced – despite difficulties, the industry still survives to this day.

16th–18th centuries

[edit]

Charles IX passed through the city at the time of his royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566, accompanied by the Court and various noblemen: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine. At this time, the Catholics returned to power in Angers: the attendant assumed the right to nominate the aldermen. The Massacre of Saint-Barthelemy was not repeated at Tours. The Protestants were imprisoned by the aldermen – a measure which prevented their extermination. The permanent return of the Court to Paris and then Versailles marked the beginning of a slow but permanent decline. Guillaume the Metayer (1763–1798), known as Rochambeau, the well-known counter-revolutionary chief of Mayenne, was shot in Tours.

19th to 20th centuries

[edit]

The arrival of the railway in the 19th century saved the city by making it an important nodal point. The main railway station is known as Tours-Saint-Pierre-des-Corps. At that time, Tours was expanding towards the south into a district known as the Prébendes. The importance of the city as a centre of communications contributed to its revival and, as the 20th century progressed, Tours became a dynamic conurbation, economically oriented towards the service sector.

First World War

[edit]
Tours Cathedral: 15th-century Flamboyant Gothic west front with Renaissance pinnacles, completed 1547.

The city was greatly affected by the First World War. A force of 25,000 American soldiers arrived in 1917, setting up textile factories for the manufacture of uniforms, repair shops for military equipment, munitions dumps, an army post office and an American military hospital at Augustins. Because of this, Tours became a garrison town with a resident general staff. The American presence is remembered today by the Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Loire, which was officially opened in July 1918 and bears the name of the President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Three American air force squadrons, including the 492nd, were based at the Parçay-Meslay airfield, their personnel playing an active part in the life of the city. Americans paraded at funerals and award ceremonies for the Croix de Guerre. They also took part in festivals and their YMCA organised shows for the troops. Some men married women from Tours.

Inter-war years

[edit]

In 1920, the city hosted the Congress of Tours, which saw the creation of the French Communist Party. One future consequence of that congress was the presence of Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese nationalist, who became one of the first members of the party.

Second World War

[edit]

Tours was also marked by the Second World War, as the city suffered massive destruction in 1940. For four years it was a city of military camps and fortifications. From 10 to 13 June 1940, Tours was the temporary seat of the French government before its move to Bordeaux.

German incendiary bombs caused a huge fire, which blazed out of control from 20 to 22 June and destroyed part of the city centre. Some architectural masterpieces of the 16th and 17th centuries were lost, as was the monumental entry to the city. The Wilson Bridge, which carried a water main that supplied the city, was dynamited to slow the progress of the German advance. With the water main severed, nobody could extinguish the inferno. That made inhabitants have no option but to flee to safety. More heavy air raids by Allied forces devastated the area around the railway station in 1944, causing several hundred deaths.

Post-war developments

[edit]

A plan for the rebuilding of the central area drawn up by the local architect Camille Lefèvre had been adopted even before the end of the war. The plan was for 20 small quadrangular blocks of housing to be arranged around the main road (la rue Nationale), which was widened. This regular layout attempted to echo but simplify the 18th-century architecture. Pierre Patout succeeded Lefèvre as the architect in charge of rebuilding in 1945. At one time, there was talk of demolishing the southern side of the rue Nationale to make it in keeping with the new development.

The recent history of Tours is marked by the personality of Jean Royer, who was mayor for 36 years and helped save the old town from demolition by establishing one of the first Conservation Areas. This example of conservation policy would later inspire the Malraux Law for the safeguarding of historic city centres. In the 1970s, Jean Royer also extended the city to the south by diverting the course of the Cher River to create the districts of Rives du Cher and des Fontaines. At the time, it was one of the largest urban developments in Europe. In 1970, the François Rabelais University was founded and centred on the bank of the Loire in the downtown area, not, as was the current practice, in a campus in the suburbs. The latter solution was also chosen by the twin university of Orleans. Royer's long term as mayor was, however, not without controversy, as is exemplified by the construction of the practical but aesthetically unattractive motorway, which runs along the bed of a former canal just 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) from the cathedral. Another bone of contention was the original Vinci Congress Centre by Jean Nouvel. The project incurred debts although it at least made Tours one of France's principal conference centres.

Jean Germain, a member of the Socialist Party, became mayor in 1995 and made debt reduction his priority. Ten years later, his economic management was regarded as much wiser than that of his predecessor because of the financial stability of the city returning. However, his achievements were criticised by the municipal opposition for a lack of ambition. There were no large building projects instituted under his two terms. That position is disputed by those in power, who affirm their policy of concentrating on the quality of life, as evidenced by urban restoration, the development of public transport and cultural activities.

Climate

[edit]

Tours has an oceanic climate that is very mild for such a northern latitude. Summers are influenced by its inland position, resulting in frequent days of 25 °C (77 °F) or warmer, whereas winters are kept mild by Atlantic air masses. The entire valley between Orlans and Angers is famous for the luminosity of its air and for its fabulous châteaux, most of them Renaissance (over 600 between Orlans and Angers).

Climate data for Tours (1991–2020 averages)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)
22.1
(71.8)
25.3
(77.5)
29.2
(84.6)
31.8
(89.2)
39.1
(102.4)
40.8
(105.4)
39.8
(103.6)
35.5
(95.9)
31.1
(88.0)
22.3
(72.1)
18.5
(65.3)
40.8
(105.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.7
(45.9)
9.0
(48.2)
12.9
(55.2)
16.0
(60.8)
19.6
(67.3)
23.4
(74.1)
25.9
(78.6)
26.0
(78.8)
22.1
(71.8)
17.0
(62.6)
11.4
(52.5)
8.1
(46.6)
16.6
(61.9)
Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
(41.2)
5.6
(42.1)
8.6
(47.5)
11.0
(51.8)
14.5
(58.1)
18.0
(64.4)
20.2
(68.4)
20.2
(68.4)
16.8
(62.2)
13.0
(55.4)
8.3
(46.9)
5.5
(41.9)
12.2
(54.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5)
2.3
(36.1)
4.3
(39.7)
6.0
(42.8)
9.4
(48.9)
12.6
(54.7)
14.4
(57.9)
14.3
(57.7)
11.4
(52.5)
9.0
(48.2)
5.3
(41.5)
2.9
(37.2)
7.9
(46.2)
Record low °C (°F) −17.4
(0.7)
−14.2
(6.4)
−10.3
(13.5)
−3.4
(25.9)
−0.6
(30.9)
2.6
(36.7)
4.3
(39.7)
4.8
(40.6)
0.9
(33.6)
−2.3
(27.9)
−7.1
(19.2)
−18.5
(−1.3)
−18.5
(−1.3)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 63.0
(2.48)
52.4
(2.06)
48.7
(1.92)
53.0
(2.09)
57.7
(2.27)
53.2
(2.09)
46.6
(1.83)
44.0
(1.73)
51.8
(2.04)
66.0
(2.60)
69.3
(2.73)
72.1
(2.84)
677.8
(26.69)
Average precipitation days 11.0 9.8 9.3 8.9 9.0 7.6 6.7 6.6 7.5 9.8 11.4 11.5 109.0
Average snowy days 2.4 2.9 1.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.7 10.6
Average relative humidity (%) 87 84 79 74 77 75 72 73 77 84 87 89 79.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 68.4 95.2 148.8 187.3 214.2 228.5 247.1 237.7 191.3 122.9 78.9 64.6 1,884.8
Source 1: Météo France[6][7]
Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days, 1961–1990)[8]

Sights

[edit]
Hôtel de Ville, Place Jean Jaurès
St Gatien Cathedral, from Rue Lavoisier, just north of the Rue Colbert intersection.
Pont Wilson

Cathedral

[edit]

The Cathedral of Tours, dedicated to Saint Gatien, its canonized first bishop, was begun about 1170 to replace the cathedral that was burnt out in 1166 during the dispute between Louis VII of France and Henry II of England. The lowermost stages of the western towers belong to the 12th century, but the rest of the west end is in the profusely detailed 15th-century Flamboyant Gothic, which were completed just as the Renaissance was affecting the patrons who planned the châteaux of Touraine. The towers were being constructed at the same time as, for example, the Château de Chenonceau.

When the 15th-century illuminator Jean Fouquet was set the task of illuminating Josephus's Jewish Antiquities, his depiction of Solomon's Temple was modelled on the nearly complete cathedral of Tours. The atmosphere of the Gothic cathedral close permeates Honoré de Balzac's dark short novel of jealousy and provincial intrigues, Le Curé de Tours (The Curate of Tours) and his medieval story Maître Cornélius opens in the cathedral itself.

Other points of interest

[edit]

Language

[edit]

Before the French Revolution, the inhabitants of Tours (Les Tourangeaux) were known for speaking the "purest" form of French in the entire country.[9] The pronunciation of Touraine was traditionally regarded as the most standard pronunciation of the French language, until the 19th century when the standard pronunciation of French shifted to that of the Parisian bourgeoisie.[10] That is explained by the fact that the court of France lived in Touraine between 1430 and 1530. French, the language of the court, had become the official language of the entire kingdom.

A Council of Tours in 813 decided that priests should preach sermons in different languages because the common people could no longer understand classical Latin. This was the first official recognition of an early French language distinct from Latin, and can be considered as the birth of French.

The Ordinance of Montils-lès-Tours, promulgated by Charles VII in 1454, made it mandatory to write laws and oral customs in the native language of the area.

An ordinance of Charles VIII (born in Amboise, near Tours) in 1490 and one of Louis XII (born in Blois, near Tours) in 1510 broaden the scope of the ordinance of Charles VII.

Finally, the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts, signed into law by Francis I in 1539, called for the use of French in all legal acts, notarized contracts and official legislation to avoid any linguistic confusion.

Gregory of Tours wrote in the 6th century that some people in the area could still speak Gaulish.

City

[edit]
Pont Wilson crosses the river Loire at the old civic core

The city has a population of 140,000 and is called "Le Jardin de la France" ("The Garden of France"). There are several parks located within the city. Tours is located between two rivers, the Loire to the north and the Cher to the south. The buildings of Tours are white with blue slate (called Ardoise) roofs; this style is common in the north of France, while most buildings in the south of France have terracotta roofs.

Tours is famous for its original medieval district, called le Vieux Tours. Unique to the Old City are its preserved half-timbered buildings and la Place Plumereau, a square with busy pubs and restaurants, whose open-air tables fill the centre of the square. The Boulevard Beranger crosses the Rue Nationale at the Place Jean-Jaures and is the location of weekly markets and fairs.

Tours is famous for its many bridges crossing the river Loire. One of them, Wilson Bridge, collapsed in 1978 but was rebuilt.

In the garden of the ancient Palais des Archevêques (now Musée des Beaux-Arts) is a huge cedar tree said to have been planted by Napoleon.[11] The garden also has a stuffed elephant named Fritz. He escaped from the Barnum and Bailey circus during their stay in Tours in 1902. He went mad and had to be shot down, but the city paid to honor him, and he was taxidermied as a result.

Tours is home to University of Tours (formerly known as University François Rabelais of Tours), the site of one of the most important choral competitions, called Florilège Vocal de Tours International Choir Competition, and is a member city of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing.

Population

[edit]

The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Tours proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Tours absorbed the former commune of Saint-Étienne in 1845 and Sainte-Radegonde-en-Touraine and Saint-Symphorien in 1964.[12]

Historical population
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1793 21,000 —    
1800 20,240 −0.53%
1806 21,703 +1.17%
1821 21,928 +0.07%
1831 23,235 +0.58%
1836 26,669 +2.80%
1841 30,072 +2.43%
1846 30,766 +0.46%
1851 33,530 +1.74%
1856 38,055 +2.56%
1861 41,061 +1.53%
1866 42,450 +0.67%
1872 43,368 +0.36%
1876 48,325 +2.74%
1881 52,209 +1.56%
1886 59,585 +2.68%
1891 60,335 +0.25%
1896 63,267 +0.95%
Year Pop. ±% p.a.
1901 64,695 +0.45%
1906 67,601 +0.88%
1911 73,398 +1.66%
1921 75,096 +0.23%
1926 77,192 +0.55%
1931 78,585 +0.36%
1936 83,753 +1.28%
1946 80,044 −0.45%
1954 83,618 +0.55%
1962 92,944 +1.33%
1968 128,120 +5.50%
1975 140,686 +1.35%
1982 132,209 −0.88%
1990 129,509 −0.26%
1999 132,820 +0.28%
2007 136,578 +0.35%
2012 134,978 −0.24%
2017 135,787 +0.12%
 
Source: EHESS[12] and INSEE (1968–2017)[13]

Transportation

[edit]
Tram model, design by the French agency RCP Design Global

Today, with extensive rail (including TGV) and autoroute connections linking to the rest of the country, Tours is a jumping-off point for tourist visits to the Loire Valley and the royal châteaux.

Tours is on one of the main lines of the TGV. It is possible to travel to the west coast of Bordeaux in an hour and forty minutes. From there, the line follows the Mediterranean coast via Avignon, and then to Spain and Barcelona. There are also lines to Lyon, Strasbourg and Lille. It takes less than one hour by train to get from Tours to Paris by TGV and one and a half hours to get to Charles de Gaulle Airport. Tours has two main stations: Gare de Tours, the central station, and Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, used by trains that do not terminate in Tours.

Tours Loire Valley Airport connects the Loire Valley to European cities.

Historically, Tours was served by trams and trolleybuses, the trolleybus system lasting from 1949 to 1968. Tram service returned to the city in 2013, when a new tram system began operation. Twenty-one Alstom Citadis trams were ordered.[14]

There is also a bus service, the main central stop being Jean Jaurès, next to the Hôtel de Ville, and rue Nationale, the high street of Tours. The tram and bus networks are operated by Fil Bleu and they share a ticketing system. A second tram line is scheduled for 2025.[15]

Sport

[edit]

The city's football team, Tours FC, currently play in Championnat National 3, the fifth level of French football. They also have a second team, CCSP Tours. CCSP's home stadium is the Stade des Tourettes and they play in the Division d'Honneur Regionale de Centre, the seventh tier of the French football league system.[citation needed]

Tours has served as the finish location for Paris–Tours, a one-day road cycling classic race held almost every October since 1896.[16]

Tours also has a volleyball club named the Tours VB.

Catholics from Tours

[edit]
Venerable Leo Dupont, Holy Man of Tours

Tours is a special place for Catholics who follow the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus and the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. In 1843, Sister Marie of St Peter of Tours reported a vision which started the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus, in reparation for the many insults Christ suffered in His Passion. The Golden Arrow Prayer was first made public by her.

The Venerable Leo Dupont also known as The Holy Man of Tours lived in Tours at about the same time. In 1849 he started the nightly adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, which spread throughout France. Upon hearing of Sister Marie of St Peter's reported visions, he started to burn a vigil lamp continuously before a picture of the Holy Face of Jesus. The devotion was eventually approved by Pope Pius XII in 1958 and he formally declared the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus as Shrove Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) for all Roman Catholics.[17] The Oratory of the Holy Face on Rue St. Etienne in Tours receives many pilgrims every year.

Tours was the site of the episcopal activity of St. Martin of Tours and has further Christian connotations in that the pivotal Battle of Tours in 732 is often considered the first decisive victory over the invading Islamic forces, turning the tide against them. The battle also helped lay the foundations of the Carolingian Empire.[18]

Notable people

[edit]
Louise de la Vallière, 17th.C
General Régis de Trobriand, 1865

Public service

[edit]

Arts

[edit]
Jean Fouquet self portrait, ca.1450
Philippe Néricault Destouches, 1741
statue of Honoré de Balzac

Science and business

[edit]
Gabriel Lamé

Sport

[edit]
Pascal Hervé, 2000

Twin towns — sister cities

[edit]

Tours is twinned with:[28]

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
  3. ^ "Comparateur de territoire". INSEE. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  4. ^ Historia Brittonum 7, 10–11
  5. ^ The Andalusian History, from the Islamic conquest till the fall of Granada 92–897 A.H. (711–1492 C.E.), by Professor AbdurRahman Ali El-Hajji, a professor of the Islamic history at Baghdad University, published in Dar Al-Qalam, in Damascus, and in Beirut. "Second Edition". p. 194
  6. ^ "Données climatiques de la station de Tours" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  7. ^ "TOURS (37)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  8. ^ "Normes et records 1961–1990: Tours – St Symphorien (37) – altitude 112m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  9. ^ "Tours, France". Meet Minneapolis. 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
  10. ^ de Montvalon, Jean-Baptiste. "Philippe Boula de Mareüil : « Les accents participent à la richesse de notre langue". Le Monde (in French). Paris. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
  11. ^ "City summary: Tours". us.media.france.fr.
  12. ^ a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Tours, EHESS (in French).
  13. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
  14. ^ "Tours selects Citadis and APS". Railway Gazette International. London. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
  15. ^ "Tramway de Tours – Le Tram de Tours". letramdetours.net.
  16. ^ "City tourism: Tours". Paris–Tours. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  17. ^ Dorothy Scallan. "The Holy Man of Tours." (1990) ISBN 0-89555-390-2
  18. ^ Davis, Paul K. (1999) "100 Decisive Battles From Ancient Times to the Present" ISBN 0-19-514366-3
  19. ^ "Berengarius" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 768–769.
  20. ^ "La Vallière, Louise Françoise de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 290–291.
  21. ^ "Viollet, Paul Marie" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 107.
  22. ^ "Foucquet, Jean" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 737.
  23. ^ Williamson, George Charles (1911). "Clouet, François" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). pp. 559–560.
  24. ^ "Destouches, Philippe" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 104.
  25. ^ "Dutens, Louis" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 736.
  26. ^ "Bouilly, Jean Nicolas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 318.
  27. ^ Saintsbury, George (1911). "Balzac, Honoré de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 298–301.
  28. ^ "Jumelages et partenariats". tours.fr (in French). Tours. Retrieved 16 November 2019.

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]

 

Frequently Asked Questions

Yes, Star Sightseeing can accommodate dietary restrictions or preferences during their tours, including meals in the packages. You'll need to inform them in advance so they can ensure your needs are met throughout the tour.

Star Sightseeing supports local communities and sustainable tourism in Victoria by partnering with local businesses, reducing waste, and promoting eco-friendly practices to ensure you're not just visiting, but also positively contributing to the area.

Star Sightseeing prioritizes your safety and health by adhering to strict hygiene measures, implementing social distancing on tours, and ensuring vehicles and equipment are sanitized regularly, especially considering current global health concerns.